What is Gout?

Gout is a type of arthritis caused by an excess of uric acid in the bloodstream. The high levels of uric acid lead to the formation of sharp, needle-like urate crystals in a joint or surrounding tissue, causing intense pain and inflammatory reactions. Gout typically affects one joint at a time and is known for its sudden, severe attacks that can wake a person from sleep.

What are the symptoms of gout?

Intense joint pain, especially in the big toe
Lingering discomfort after the most severe pain subsides
Inflammation and redness — the affected joint or joints become swollen, tender, warm, and red
Limited range of motion as gout progresses

Gout FAQ

The primary cause of gout is hyperuricemia, where the body either produces too much uric acid or excretes too little through the kidneys. Factors that can increase the risk of developing gout include genetics, dietary choices (especially consuming foods rich in purines like red meat and seafood), obesity, certain medical conditions (such as high blood pressure and chronic kidney disease), and the use of certain medications like diuretics.

Gout is diagnosed based on the characteristic symptoms and the presence of urate crystals in the joint fluid, which are observed under a microscope. Healthcare providers may also perform blood tests to measure uric acid levels and may use ultrasound or dual-energy CT scans to detect urate crystals in joints or soft tissue.

Treatment for gout aims to relieve pain during attacks and prevent future attacks by reducing uric acid levels in the blood. Medications used to treat acute attacks include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, and corticosteroids. To prevent future episodes, medications like allopurinol and febuxostat are prescribed to lower blood uric acid levels. Lifestyle and dietary changes, such as limiting intake of alcohol and high-purine foods, staying hydrated, and maintaining a healthy weight, are also recommended.

It is important to see a doctor if you experience sudden, intense pain in any joint or if you have a fever alongside joint inflammation, which could indicate an infection. Early diagnosis and treatment of gout can prevent worsening of the symptoms and avoid damage to the joint.

For a proper diagnosis and recommended treatment plan,
we suggest you consult with a podiatrist for professional help and care.